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<div class="section" id="unit-testing-class">
<h1>Unit Testing Class<a class="headerlink" href="#unit-testing-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Unit testing is an approach to software development in which tests are
written for each function in your application. If you are not familiar
with the concept you might do a little googling on the subject.</p>
<p>CodeIgniter&#8217;s Unit Test class is quite simple, consisting of an
evaluation function and two result functions. It&#8217;s not intended to be a
full-blown test suite but rather a simple mechanism to evaluate your
code to determine if it is producing the correct data type and result.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-unit-testing-library" id="id1">Using the Unit Testing Library</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-tests" id="id3">Running Tests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-reports" id="id4">Generating Reports</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#strict-mode" id="id5">Strict Mode</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#enabling-disabling-unit-testing" id="id6">Enabling/Disabling Unit Testing</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unit-test-display" id="id7">Unit Test Display</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-displayed-tests" id="id8">Customizing displayed tests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-template" id="id9">Creating a Template</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id10">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-unit-testing-library">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Unit Testing Library</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-unit-testing-library" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Unit Test class is
initialized in your controller using the $this-&gt;load-&gt;library function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;unit_test&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Unit Test object will be available using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;unit</span></tt></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="running-tests">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Running Tests</a><a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Running a test involves supplying a test and an expected result in the
following way:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>$this-&gt;unit-&gt;run(&#8216;test&#8217;, &#8216;expected result&#8217;, &#8216;test name&#8217;, &#8216;notes&#8217;);</div></blockquote>
<p>Where test is the result of the code you wish to test, expected result
is the data type you expect, test name is an optional name you can give
your test, and notes are optional notes. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$test</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$expected_result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$test_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Adds one plus one&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$test</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expected_result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$test_name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The expected result you supply can either be a literal match, or a data
type match. Here&#8217;s an example of a literal:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of a data type match:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;is_string&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Notice the use of &#8220;is_string&#8221; in the second parameter? This tells the
function to evaluate whether your test is producing a string as the
result. Here is a list of allowed comparison types:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>is_object</li>
<li>is_string</li>
<li>is_bool</li>
<li>is_true</li>
<li>is_false</li>
<li>is_int</li>
<li>is_numeric</li>
<li>is_float</li>
<li>is_double</li>
<li>is_array</li>
<li>is_null</li>
<li>is_resource</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="generating-reports">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Generating Reports</a><a class="headerlink" href="#generating-reports" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can either display results after each test, or your can run several
tests and generate a report at the end. To show a report directly simply
echo or return the run function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$test</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expected_result</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To run a full report of all tests, use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">report</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The report will be formatted in an HTML table for viewing. If you prefer
the raw data you can retrieve an array using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="strict-mode">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Strict Mode</a><a class="headerlink" href="#strict-mode" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>By default the unit test class evaluates literal matches loosely.
Consider this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The test is evaluating an integer, but the expected result is a boolean.
PHP, however, due to it&#8217;s loose data-typing will evaluate the above code
as TRUE using a normal equality test:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;This evaluates as true&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you prefer, you can put the unit test class in to strict mode, which
will compare the data type as well as the value:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;This evaluates as FALSE&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To enable strict mode use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">use_strict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="enabling-disabling-unit-testing">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Enabling/Disabling Unit Testing</a><a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-disabling-unit-testing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you would like to leave some testing in place in your scripts, but
not have it run unless you need it, you can disable unit testing using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">active</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unit-test-display">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Unit Test Display</a><a class="headerlink" href="#unit-test-display" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>When your unit test results display, the following items show by
default:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Test Name (test_name)</li>
<li>Test Datatype (test_datatype)</li>
<li>Expected Datatype (res_datatype)</li>
<li>Result (result)</li>
<li>File Name (file)</li>
<li>Line Number (line)</li>
<li>Any notes you entered for the test (notes)</li>
</ul>
<p>You can customize which of these items get displayed by using
$this-&gt;unit-&gt;set_test_items(). For example, if you only wanted the test name
and the result displayed:</p>
<div class="section" id="customizing-displayed-tests">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Customizing displayed tests</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-displayed-tests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_test_items</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;test_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;result&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="creating-a-template">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Creating a Template</a><a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-template" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>If you would like your test results formatted differently then the
default you can set your own template. Here is an example of a simple
template. Note the required pseudo-variables:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="s1">{rows}</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;tr&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;td&gt;{item}&lt;/td&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;td&gt;{result}&lt;/td&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;/tr&gt;</span>
<span class="s1">{/rows}</span>
<span class="s1">&lt;/table&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Your template must be declared <strong>before</strong> running the unit
test process.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">CI_Unit_test</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::set_test_items">
<tt class="descname">set_test_items</tt><big>(</big><em>$items</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::set_test_items" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$items</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; List of visible test items</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets a list of items that should be visible in tests.
Valid options are:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>test_name</li>
<li>test_datatype</li>
<li>res_datatype</li>
<li>result</li>
<li>file</li>
<li>line</li>
<li>notes</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::run">
<tt class="descname">run</tt><big>(</big><em>$test</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$expected = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$test_name = 'undefined'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$notes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::run" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$test</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Test data</li>
<li><strong>$expected</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Expected result</li>
<li><strong>$test_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Test name</li>
<li><strong>$notes</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Any notes to be attached to the test</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Test report</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Runs unit tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::report">
<tt class="descname">report</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$result = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::report" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$result</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Array containing tests results</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Test report</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a report about already complete tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::use_strict">
<tt class="descname">use_strict</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$state = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::use_strict" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$state</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Strict state flag</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables/disables strict type comparison in tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::active">
<tt class="descname">active</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$state = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::active" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$state</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to enable testing</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables/disables unit testing.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::result">
<tt class="descname">result</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$results = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::result" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$results</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Tests results list</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of raw result data</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns raw tests results data.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::set_template">
<tt class="descname">set_template</tt><big>(</big><em>$template</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::set_template" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$template</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Test result template</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the template for displaying tests results.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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